Quality Of Life Of Type Two Diabetes Mellitus - 1078 Words

Quality of Life of Type Two Diabetes Mellitus The purpose of the paper was looking at the quality of life of diabetic patients. Type two diabetics that have a support system compared to those that don’t have a support system have an improved quality of life after being diagnosed. The level of evidence of this study was a cross sectional study. Researching the article was done by going to the Clarkson College website, then going to the student life tab and choosing library. Clicking on the â€Å"C† on the article database and clicking on the CINAHL Complete link. Typed in diabetes mellitus in the first box, then where it has the first and changed selection to not, then in the second box typed out systematic review. Then scrolled down to where†¦show more content†¦Essential components of QOL include human condition whether if it is physical, psychological, social, cultural, or spiritual. QOL is strongly worked by subjective health professionals are able to adjust their practices by assessment of the QOL of the patient. Studies related to the quality of life of a patient can bring knowledge to improve the quality of health interventions as well as assist them in planning and implementing actions that can promote improvement in their life. A cross-sectional study of a quantative approach was done by enrolling 141 diabetic patients that met the criteria by being members of three municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, being eighteen years old and registered as having type two diabetes in their health unit (Girardi et al., 2015). The data that was collected was from August and September in 2012 (Girardi et al., 2015). Instruments that were used in collecting the data included sociodemographic data form and from Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Healthy Survey (SF-36) designed to evaluate the quality of life (Girardi et al., 2015). The instrument measured physical and mental health dimensions through eleven questions and thirty-six items covering eight components that were represented by functional capacity, physical pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional aspects, mental health, and a related question about the current general health a year before the interview (Girardi et al., 2015).Show MoreRelatedSelf-Care of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus1152 Words   |  5 Pageswith newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus. The related literature is presented under the following sub headings. Section A:Literature related to various aspects of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Section B:Literature related to self-management skills of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Section C: Reviews related to effectiveness of diabetes education on newly diagnosed patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. SECTION A: LITERATURE RELATED TO TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes is a metabolic diseaseRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : Common Metabolic Disease Affecting 29 Million Americans1087 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes What is Diabetes Mellitus? Diabetes Mellitus is common metabolic disease affecting 29 million Americans (CDC 2014), in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin resulting in an elevation of blood glucose. Diabetes Mellitus is present in three forms; type 1, type 2, and gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 is usually diagnosed in children and young adults with only 5% of Diabetes patients having this form (American Diabetes Association 2015). With this type of DiabetesRead MoreSelf Monitoring Of Blood Glucose786 Words   |  4 Pages4. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) NICE NG28 Type 2 Diabetes in Adult: Management7 recommends that we refer to the DVLA â€Å"At a glance guide to the current medical standards of fitness to drive† when offering SMBG to those with T2DM We should be routinely offering SMBG to those with T2DM if: †¢ The person is on insulin†¢ There is evidence of hypoglycaemic episodes†¢ The person is on an oral drug t hat increases the risk of hypoglycaemia whilst driving or operating heavy machinery (e.g. sulphonylureas)†¢Read MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Diabetes Mellitus1428 Words   |  6 Pages 1. Problems, Issues or Disease Progress of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus refers to a chronic human health condition characterized by prolonged high sugar level in the blood. A group of metabolic disorders like, seizures, lethargy, and jaundice among others, which occur when chemical reactions abnormally alter the normalcy of the body’s metabolic processes, causes this condition. Diabetes occurs mainly because of two issues; due to inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas, and dueRead MorePlan Of Care For A Diabetic Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent types of Diabetes Mellitus; Type 2 is the most common type and the one that I have chosen to focus on due to the personal nature in my family, the high prevalence among Hispanics like myself, and for the large arena of educational improvements that can be made. According to Healthy People 2020, Diabetes Mellitus affects an estimated 23.6 million people in the United States and is the 7th leading cause of death (HealthyPeople.gov, 2016). Educating as many people with Diabetes Mellitus as possibleRead MoreDiabetic Care Plan For Diabetes1748 Words   |  7 Pagesalmost twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes as non-Hispanic whites and suffer from the complications of this chronic illness† (US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health, 2015). Some of the complica tions includes vision loss, amputation of a limb, and end stage renal disease. The reason for choosing this illness is because a family member was recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type two at the age of thirty two. She is from the African American descent andRead MoreDiabetes : A Metabolic Disorder1705 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels. It is caused by an absolute or functional deficiency of circulating insulin, resulting in an inability to transfer glucose from the bloodstream into tissues where it is needed as fuel (Ahmed, Laing and Yates 2011). The disruption in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins interferes with the secretion or action of insulin, which plays a vital role in the metabolism andRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Group Of Metabolic Diseases Characterized By Hyperglycemia Resulting From Defects1463 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus i s â€Å"a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associatedRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Mellitus â€Å"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both† (Lazear, 2014, p. 1153). The two most common types of diabetes mellitus are known as type 1 and type 2. Type 1 has been previously referred to as â€Å"juvenile-onset diabetes† or â€Å"insulin-dependent diabetes† (Lazear, 2014). Even though type 1 can occur at any age, the primary age group is younger than 30 years old (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, CheeverRead MoreReport On Exercise Related Hypoglycemia Patients With Diabetes Mellitus1290 Words   |  6 Pagesin patients with diabetes mellitus. As the rate of diabetes mellitus and obesity continue to rise, the cornerstone for effective diabetes prevention and management remains physical activity (exercise). Regular exercise provides many benefits, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, reduced blood pressure, improved glycemia, weight management, and improvement in overall quality of life. Thus, in the absence of contraindications, patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes are encouraged to

Essay on Good Marriage - 987 Words

Every little girls dream is to have that picture perfect wedding. They want to have that big white dress that sparkles every which way she moves, six or seven bridesmaids, the huge beautiful cake, all the gifts, your daddy giving you away and last but definitely not least, the love of your life, your Prince Charming. I dont think that I can recall a happier day in my life than my wedding day. My life long childhood dream finally came true. Most people who do take that step to get married want to have a loving and successful marriage. As you may know the first few months are peaches and cream, a couple will often feel like their marriage will never have any problems. They assume that they will always be as passionate as they are†¦show more content†¦Respect and caring are two characteristics in being a good companion and best friend. In an episode of Dr. Phil the show topic called Respecting your spouse, Dr. Phil quoted If you want a good friend, be a good friend, he a lso said to Ask yourself what kind of friend you are being to your mate? Before people commit to a relationship, I think that it is very important to establish a friendship first. Although I am not saying this from experience considering the fact that my husband and I were living with each other within one week of our friendship, I recommend it because of some of the difficult tasks that my husband and I have faced. Coincidentally, it is important to identify what areas are of shared interest. An essential part of this also involves spending time together doing these activities. Ask yourself what you enjoy doing with your friends, whether it be talking about silly things or sharing a good joke together. Now apply that same openness to your own relationship. A desire to please and support your spouse is based on fulfillment of ones needs. Marriage usually occurs because two individuals want their needs to be fulfilled by their potential spouse. Spouses feel that they are being supported when their needs are met. The importance in this characteristic is knowing and caring whether or not your needs and your spouses needs are being met. Put your spouse first. Face it, everyone wants to be with someone who is unselfish and whoShow MoreRelatedMarriage : What Is It Good For?1156 Words   |  5 PagesMaiesha Azmi Professor Edwards Soci 2301-76426 30 July 2014 Marriage--What is it Good For? This article gives us an insight on the different factors that play a role when selecting a mate. It states how Prince William chose Catherine Middleton who even though was not from a royal family, because they went to the same university where they dated for a long time, he chose to marry her and she went on to become the first Queen with a university degree, showing that their union was of equals. We readRead MoreWhy Are They Too Good For The Word Marriage?939 Words   |  4 PagesWell there are many reasons why. Are they not able to follow the old ways? Are they too good for the word marriage? Or are they too busy getting ready? Is it the smart thing to do or was the old ways the best way? The first reason, being a gentlemen and having certain standard have become old fashion. Men and women have changed their mindset a lot over time. In the 50s winning the women’s heart and hand in marriage was a real prize. Bring flowers to her, taking her out on dates, and showing her mannersRead MoreI Have A Pretty Good Marriage879 Words   |  4 PagesSome of the people who may say this might be people who have been married for a long time with their significant other. The couple knows almost everything about each other is a good thing, but a spouse might use this to their advantage to also annoy their spouse. According to Elizabeth Weil, â€Å"I have a pretty good marriage. It could be better. There are things about my husband that drive me crazy† (par. 1). Some of these could be that one of the significant others could say or do something that mayRead MoreCritique Of The Gay Marriage Is Good For America1445 Words   |  6 PagesCritique of Sullivan’s  "Why Gay Marriage is Good for America† Debates about gay marriage continue to simmer within American public discourse, though much of the more heated rhetoric has calmed since the earliest efforts to legalize same-sex marriage succeeded in numerous states. These debates have spanned many topics, ranging from religion to politics and beyond. Andrew Sullivan, a prominent gay and self-described conservative political commentator, addressed one angle of the issue in his July 19Read MoreWhat Makes a Good Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudicde756 Words   |  4 PagesWhat makes a good marriage? Comprise, love, sacrifice, and humbleness are some of the words able to describe the factors of a good marriageJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is a light-hearted novel that follows the love story of two very different characters: Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. They are so blinded by their opinions of each other that they do not realize that they are very good for one another. Throughout the novel, they overcome their er rors in judgment to leave the reader with the anticipationRead MoreWhy A Good Divorce Is Better Than A Bad Marriage For Kids1747 Words   |  7 PagesBrette Sember, in her article â€Å"Why a Good Divorce Is Better Than a Bad Marriage for Kids†concurs when she notes ,†If you stay married for the sake of your children, you expose them to daily arguments, negative undercurrents, shouting, possible violence, and an atmosphere that is in no way calm and peaceful. This has a huge impact on your child† (Sember). In other words, she asserts that the children are exposed to negative conflict from their parent’s. The children will be affected if they stay togetherRead MoreIs Making Gay Marriage Legal A Good Thing?1851 Words   |  8 PagesJesse Hernandez English 1320 Stevie Edwards Edwards February 15, 2017 Annotated Bibliography Was making gay marriage legal a good thing? Gay marriage, now this topic is talked about pretty much everyday somewhere on the news on whether or not this is a good or bad thing that it’s legal. Now although no one can change this law, people still voice their opinions, now I’m all for gay marriage, it doesn t hurt or harm anyone. The way I see it is if it doesn t affect me, then it wont bother me and itRead MoreEssay on Gay Marriage Is Good For America1512 Words   |  7 Pagesdecision. The gay marriage debate has been simmering for as long as I can remember. The four articles I have selected give information from four different perspectives including that of liberals, conservatives, homosexuals, and orthodox Jews. With so many differing opinions, one can understand why its been so hard for the nation to come to agree on this issue. In an article titled Witch Hunt in the Golden State, David N. Bass sheds light on on his opinion that same-sex marriage activists areRead MoreAnalysis Of Andrew Sullivan s Article Why Gay Marriage Is Good For Straight America 1621 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle â€Å"Why Gay Marriage is Good for Straight America.† He is an experienced publicist, and he is homosexual. Sullivan argues that every person has the right to get married disregarding his or her orientation. Richard Rodriguez who is also a famous publicist composed â€Å"Family Values.† Like Sullivan, he is homosexual and he discusses it in his work. Rodriguez and Sullivan share many viewpoints related to homosexuality, but they disagree about the appropriateness of homosexual marriage – Sullivan is forRead MoreArranged Marriage Is Good: A Persuasive Speech655 Words   |  3 PagesArranged Marriage is a Good Thing: A Persuasive Speech Intro: Marriage is a union that has been around for as long as humans have walked the earth. The human race depends upon the union of its members, and as such, the subject of marriage has been an issue that receives more intense scrutiny and attention than many would likely believe. In todays day and age, with humanity continuing to move in a modern direction, many argue that marriage is a union that should be entered into freely and should

Public Projects and Procurement †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Public Projects and Procurement. Answer: Introduction This report is being prepared to understand the importance of project procurement strategies in determining the success or failure of a contrition project. The report explores the case of construction of a bridge by Federation Square. The report explores various different strategies of procurement that could be used on construction projects and analyzes the same to come up with the recommendations for the choice of best strategy for the federation Square project. Federation Square is a mega project that involved construction of the Princess Bridge in Melbourne over the Yarra River. Around $345million funds exceeding way beyond the initial budget of $128 million have already been spent on the project which also delayed by 26 months. Additional fund was provided by Federal Fund the main causes behind these delays were construction and administrative problems. Budge was set based on the project requirement rather than actual design. The design responsibility was given to LAB + Bates Smart in 1997. Before they could finalize on the design, a deck sub-structure was constructed with expenditures of $14 million because of political pressure on Federation. The deck was completed on time by Leighton Contractors and was within budget. The fast track method revealed that program was driven by ability of the design team to produce the design documentation. However, because of complexities in design, the government could not take the fast track route for remaining work as there were many design revisions and political interventions tat cased delays. The delays were attributed by the government to absence of formal contractual agreement that costed $19.1 million to the Government for delays and damages caused by the absence of a formal contractual agreement. Thereafter a lump sum and fix free contract were awarded to the Managing Contractor, Multiplex, and it was expected that the contract would minimize risks and eliminate discrepancies. However, in 2001, the agreement was altered because of multiple complexities involved such as incomplete design, reluctance of office of major project to make a compromise on architecture, disputes over costs due to increase in scope and delays, and constructability issues. Considering the case, the key problem was the wrong choice of procurement strategy that resulted into major issues on the project. In this report, various procurement strategies would be studied and recommendations would be made on what could be the best choice for the federation Square Project. Factors influencing Procurement Strategy Irrespective of the procurement method to be chosen, a project team must have a collaboration strategy in place involving all contractors as partners on the project. The performance of contracts as well as the consultant have to be monitored with predefined measures such the output can be evaluated and accordingly, incentives can be disbursed. Once these factors are taken care of, a procurement strategy can be chosen upon careful evaluation. There can be several factors that can be helpful in determine the most appropriate procurement strategy such as: External factors: The project can be affected by economic, political, commercial, social, legal and technological factors that must be considered for the entire project life cycle such as interest rate fluctuations, legislative amendments, etc. Client resources: The knowledge and experience of the client organization in building similar projects can affect the choice of procurement strategy Project Characteristics: The size, location, complexity, and uniqueness of the project can influence risk, cost and time on a project and thus, make important considerations for the choice of a procurement strategy Ability to make changes: Changes on project during its execution can affect the scope and cost. Procurement must thus have flexibility to make changes in designs if needed. Cost Issues: Contractors need to give price certainty for client unless there are delays in receiving tenders and project allotment after initial submissions (Andersen Rask, 2003) Time: Projects are required to be completed within a time frame. It can only be possible if the design is safely completed before construction. Thus, planning and design approvals must be timed in such a way that it promotes early completion of the project. When considering these factors in a procurement contract, time and cost trade-offs have to be evaluated(Appel, 2010). Procurement Methods A procurement system involves defining of construction project elements and assigning of responsibly and authorities to organizations and people associated with the project. Procurement systems can be of several types such as traditional, design and construct, allowancing, and so on. Detailed descriptions and analysis of each of these procurement strategies are explored in this section. For each procurement strategy, the case of current project would be assessed considering the benefits and risks such that decisions could be taken on the choice of most appropriate procurement strategy for the construction project(Bamford Casey, Building and Construction Procurement Guide Principles and Options, 2014). In the traditional approach to procurement management, design is separated from construction such that consultants are hired for managing designs while suppliers, contractors and sub-contracts would be responsible of the construction work. A tending process is used to negotiate with multiple contractors and awarding one. A two stage tendering process is used for designing and construction and they run parallel. There can be several types of traditional procurement methods such as Lump sum that determine contract sum before making an agreement, measurement contracts that involve determination of contract sum on completion based on agreed measurements, and cost reimbursement where contract sum is calculated on actual spent on labour, plant, material and other overheads(Davis, Love, Baccarini, 2008). Lump sum contractors execute a decided amount of work for an agreed upon sum which is not subject to recalculation and thus, no variations are possible. Provisions can only be made for tax changes or unforeseen events caused at the time of tendering. The pricing in such contracts is based on drawing and bill of quantities. Itemwise breakdown is created considering the priced items. The company initially used this kind of contract but when scope changed, the contractual arrangement caused the problem because of lack of flexibility which is why new contracts were made. Thus, lump sum contract is not the right choice for the bridge construction project(Government of South Australia , 2015). In measurement contracts are used when accurate measurement of costs is not possible before tendering. Measurements are submitted in the tender based on drawings with the tentative quantities, and a Schedule of Rates for project completion. This can be useful strategy when quantities of work are not certain at start but at the same time, it poses risk when there is no accuracy of data at the start of the project. Because of inaccuracies of the data and designing fluctuations, the project already suffered from delays and losses and thus, this type of contract may not be suitable as it would not push determination of detailed requirements at the start(Government of South Australia , 2015). In cost reimbursement or cost plus contracts, an indeterminate work would be carried out that would be paid in actual upon completion. In addition to these actual, there would be an agreed fee for services. There can be several hybrids of these types of contract such as Cost-plus percentage fee where fee is paid on a flat rate percentage or a sliding scale. However, this does not provide any incentives when contractor works with maximum efficiency. Another variant is Cost-plus fixed fee which provides incentives in the form of an agreed fee. Cost-plus fluctuating fee is another method in which fee can vary with cost increases from estimations. Traditional procurement methods need different parties for designing and construction work. A consultant is usually appointed to provide advice on cost and designing aspects. In these contracts, contractors are highly dependent on information and instructions given by architects. These methods are most appropriate when the quantity and scope of work can be sufficiently defined at the start with fewer changes required during execution of the construction plan(Jurimae, 2010). There are some benefits of traditional contractors such as price certainty, direct influence of client on project, accountability for competitive selection, ease of making changes, and familiarity with methods. However, there are some significant disadvantages of traditional methods such as extensive documentation, price related conflicts resulting from changes, and no input from contractor for designing. These methods are most appropriate in the cases when design is warranted and risks are balanced between contractor and client. As into the current case, the design is subject to change, this arrangement may not be recommended for managing procurement(Mead Gruneberg, 2013). Design construct In design and construction contracts, all or some responsibilities of both designing and construction are taken by the contractor. In such an arrangement, the contractor usually has to assume the liability of the design that should be made fit to the purpose of construction. In some cases, this liability can be limited to normal professional duties. A contractor may engage independent design consultants but the liability would still remain with the contractor. In such cases, the identities of these external consultants must be accepted in the tender. A tender presents specific requirements more than the site plan and schedule such as production information and design scheme. The responsibility of selecting design is on the contractor(NCPPP, 2017). These methods provide several benefits such as contract sum certainty, cost benefits, integration of design and construction methods, freedom of utilizing purchasing power to contractors for competitive pricing, faster beginning of the project, and more effective programming. However, an extensive set of requirements have to be prepared in advance before tender and any changes made later can prove out to be costly. These contracts can have several variations such as: direct contract given to contractor without competition, competitive process of tendering that assess contractors based on design and price submissions, Develop and construct which involves partial design of building and then tendering is done for selecting contractors for complete designing and construction. Package deal in which contractors use a repetitive theme from another proprietary building system constructed by them earlier. There is a limited scope of innovation in this approach. Novation involves a contractor taking over a previous work from another contractor involving design and construction(NHS London Procurement Partnership, 2014) There are certain disadvantages of this arrangement in procurement contracts such as reduced liability of the contractor towards contribution, difficulties in preparing extensive brief of project at the start, expensive scope changes, limited design liability, lack of innovation, single contractor taking the entire risk, early commitment required for design selection and lack of control from employer over the sign(NHS, 2013). However, it also has some significant advantage such as parallel processing of construction and designing providing operational flexibility and reduced time for project completion, no risk of getting claims for delays for employers as full reasonability of designing and construction is with the contractor leading to enhanced responsibility(Davis, Love, Baccarini, 2008). Early contractor involvement (ECI), Early Contractor Involvement ensures that the contractor is involved from the start of the planning process such that risks are minimized and transparency is increased. Alternatively, in traditional procurement methods, a significant amount of time, money as well as human resources was required and thus, it was not cost effective in case of very large construction projects. Moreover, clients and contractors would be pressed on taking early decisions. Some of these inefficiencies of traditional methods are improved in ECI by proving a cost effective and more efficient method of contracting. In ECI, responsibilities are shared between the owner and the contractor which reduces conflicts and chances of getting into litigations. However, this method is not required if sufficient data is available for planning and for projects involving repetitive work. The method is more suitable for highly complex infrastructure projects such as large reclamation, port expansion, and bridge construction . Contractors hired in projects using ECI are experts and have high level of technical knowledge. They can assist in developing more reliable schedules and costs estimates. Contractors would know equipments to be used as well as understand their impacts on project such that they can help project organization in developing plan and estimates(NHS, 2013). The method has fewer risks as well as costs are minimized. Another benefit of using this method is that involve net of contractor is from the beginning of planning and thus, mechanism can be developed easily for managing consequences of events that may be foreseen. Because of the close involvement of contractor on the project, a clear and transparent relationship is formed between the two such that both parties have ownership, decision making freedom, and responsibilty for risks. ECI involves people from top management of both parties. Integrated teams are developed with open communication capabilities enhancing performance and the adding value(Royal Academy of Engineering, 2014). With transparency comes the trust between client, consultant and contractor. But trust can only be founded on transparency. ECI also helps in optimising construction efficiencies; improve profitability through reduction of the operating costs and increase of the delivery efficiency. With ECI, moor funds are spent on the constriction work instead of litigation, public protests, and other types of distractions. It has been found that complex projects can get more benefits from an early partnership as it helps in understanding risks and shared responsibilities that lead to a reduction in expenses liabilities, and legal compilations. Legal complications(Bamford Casey, 2014). A Project Alliance is a legal framework which involves owner-participant and other private parties such as service provider or nonowner participants (NOPs) who would be J delivering capital works projects. In alliances, all parties have equal level of say on the project and all the risks as well as responsibilities are equally shared among them. A culture driving innovation has to be develoepd that would be promoted in all participants. Communication between partners has to be open and transparent. Project alliances have some advantages such as more cost pertinacity, greeter opportunity for innovation, improved performance, and high quality of service(Teppo, 2007) Public Private Partnerships (PPP) In PPP, government acts as a server of infrastructure servicers and makes payment against the performance of the contractor. The PPP has a value for money for it involved clear definition of requirements, structured mechanism for payments. It also leaves the scope for innovation into h procurement method. Risk can be transferred as well as shared for individual components of the project between the private player and the government organization. While life cost is reduced as focus on the immediate construction costs is reduced. As they are an asset based mechanism, the life of the property is increased as maintenance is proper such that the value of the asset is maintained(UNESCAP, 2016). PPPs have certain advantages that include: More value of the contrition with more certainty of contract Functional requirements are finalized before the process of tendering and thus, there is a greater clarity Designs a proposed during the tendering process by potential contractors such that best design can be selected by the government organization The process integrated all different components of the project including construction, designing, maintenance and refurbishment and thus, overall costs are reduced The risk can be transferred in each project phases to the private sector organization making the public organization lose less money The methodology provides a scope for innovation(Uyarraa, Edler, Garcia-Estevez, Georghiou, Yeow, 2014) The risk with design and fitness to the purpose is borne by the contractor The concept of whole life of asset ensure that efficient designs are incorporated Operational and maintenance costs are agreed upon at the start. Deliveries and payments are made based on the agreed upon standards between two parties to contract(Grimsey Lewis, 2007) The method also has certain disadvantages such as: Functional specifications are difficult to determine from the start and the changes cannot be avoided Detailed discussions with stakeholders is required which can be time consuming Significant resources from all the contractors bidding in the process would be consumed The contractual complexities require highly specialised companies to handle contract management The contracting cost is high which restricts some of the suppliers and contractors from participating Financial risks are higher in these projects(NCPPP, 2017) Recommendations Based on the study conducted including the exploration of various procurement strategies, ECI procurement methodology can be recommended for the organization because of following reasons: As it is a mega project which involves a huge amount of complexities, ECI would prove to be an efficient method for handling procurement contracts Early involvement of the contract in the project would ensure that the requirements are well defined and thus, risks are minimized. With sharing of responsibilities and liabilities between the owner and the contractor, the transparency would be maintained and both parties would be equally keen on delivering results and thus, high productivity and support can be expected As the early involvement of contractor on the project ensures that requirements are clearly defined, there are fewer chances of changes and conduct that can cause additional costs. Thus, the method would remain cost effective Some other recommendations may also be made to ensure that the project is executed effectively using ECI such as: A professional indemnity insurance may be used to reduce liability in the cases of unforeseen circumstances Owner must ask contractor if a sub-contractor or consultant for designing Adequate time must be given for gathering and refining requirement and developing plans With high degree of dependence on contractor, performance measurements must be clearly defined Designers and project estimators must work in close collaboration to ensure that appropriate estimates are obtained on project Conclusions This report was prepared for understand the importance of using procurement management strategies on project success or failure. The report for, a construction case study of a bridge by Federation Square. The report explored multiple procurement strategies including traditional strategies design and built, appliances, ECI and PPP. It was found that ECI was the most appropriate choice of procurement contracts for the current federation Square project. The choice was made considering several factors and needs of the case. It was found that a project was mega and very complex and thus, the method we chosen so that it can provide maximum benefit to the project. It was found that ECI had the potential to reduce cost of construction and designing, bringing in more transparency, ensuring shared liabilities and responsibilities, and so on. References Andersen, P., Rask, M. (2003). Supply chain management: new organisational practices for changing procurement realities. Journal of Purchasing Supply Management , 83-96. Appel, F. (2010). NHS Supply Chain: Innovative procurement and logistics model drives substantial savings for UKs National Health Service. DHL. Bamford, P., Casey, E. (2014). Building and Construction Procurement Guide Principles and Options. Austroads. Bamford, P., Casey, E. (2014). Building and Construction Procurement Guide Principles and Options. Sydney NSW: Austroads. Davis, P., Love, P., Baccarini, D. (2008). Building Procurement Methods . Curtin University of Technology. Government of South Australia . (2015). Construction Procurement Policy- Project Implementation Process . Government of South Australia . Grimsey, D., Lewis, M. (2007). Public Private Partnerships and Public Procurement. Ernst Young. Jurimae, T. (2010). Risk management in the procurement of innovation. Brussels: European Commission. Mead, J., Gruneberg, S. (2013). Programme Procurement in Construction: Learning from London 2012. Wiley-BlackWell. NCPPP. (2017). Facilities and Infrastructure Facilities and Infrastructure. NCPPP. NHS London Procurement Partnership. (2014). Medical Surgical Supply Chain. NHS London Procurement Partnership. NHS. (2013). Meeting the Procurement Challenge. UK: NHS. NHS. (2013). NHS Standards of Procurement. Department of Health. Royal Academy of Engineering. (2014). Public projects and procurement in the UK: sharing experience and changing practice. Royal Academy of Engineering. Teppo, M. (2007). Alliance Contract Model - A Promising New Contracting Method. Finnra. UNESCAP. (2016). Procurement Under Public Private Partnership (PPP) . UNESCAP. Uyarraa, E., Edler, J., Garcia-Estevez, J., Georghiou, L., Yeow, J. (2014). Barriers to innovation through public procurement: A supplier perspective. Technovation , 34 (10), 631645.

Women in Politics in Canada an Example by

Women in Politics in Canada Chapter one or the introduction talks about the slid of Canadas reputation as the best place to live as cited by the united nations for the past several years. But it lost this distinction since 2001 as well as its status in social development involving women. Trimble and Arscott cited three reasons for this decline. First, Scandinavian countries outpaced Canada in its quality of life for women. Second, high rates of child poverty and short life expectancy for aboriginal people are observed; and third, public health care system that no longer ensures the continued well-being of the population. Need essay sample on "Women in Politics in Canada" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The authors went to focus on the effect of these social concerns on women stating that womans generally poorer health, lower social status, financially dependency and lower earnings poses more difficulties to them. Trimble and Arscott saw politics as the means to bring change and to improve the status of women in society. Feminist adherents noted that there is a wide imbalance in the position occupied by men both in government positions and in political exercise. Trimble and Arscott also noted how male politicians treat their women counterpart whom they call infantalized treatment which is demeaning and sexist. I believe the authors has clearly emphasized feminist strong points about male traditional superiority concept and sex based discrimination looms in the political and social arena. In my view, Trimbles discussion here is a great effort towards womens quest both in politics and in governance. She has made her points clear and in a manner revealing the sexual discrimination plag uing the Canadian political system. She noted the representation as a flaw in democratic and political exercise which undermines womens rights and talents. Politics in Canadian society remains a guy Thing. History Matters: Womens Multi Faceted Involvement in Politics Chapter two marks the progress of womens roles in realms of politics and government affairs. Trimble and Arscott noted that in fifty years period from 1916-66 only eight women were elected to the house of commons and forty six to provincial and territorial legislature. As they researched on womens service to the body politics they found out that this remains fragmented, divided between historical, federal, and provincial/territorial jurisdiction. They cited that in RCSW report it was in the 1970 period that progress in getting women elected has occurred. But despite of advances Trimble and Arscott argued that these advances represent insufficient progress towards fair representation for all women. I think that Trimbles views in this regard are quite unjustifiable or probably influenced by feminist quest for gender equality with men. It is truly an inherent right of women to be equal with men on many grounds but in matters of equal representation in governance and politics, but in mos t cases the decision lies not on politicians but on the citizenry which we all belong. Generally, Arscott and Trimbles view on womens role in Canadian society are well balanced and fair as they merely expound the true meaning of justice, fairness, and equality. The Electoral Glass Ceiling Chapter Three examines how far these women politician have gone in terms of their number. Arscott and Trimble noted in page 42 that due to limited number of women in the house of common, there was not even a wash room for women in the lobby or in the chamber. I would like to agree with the authors of this book as they express their disappointment over the seemingly obvious sexual discrimination of the Canadian political system. They were so disappointed that even in the House of Commons and in every spheres of Canadian politics and governance women are not counted. The Authors believed that the reason for Canadas failure to maintain its number one spot as the best country to live is the unequal position of men and women in the society and in representing the government, as well as in the political system. They noted that because of this many functions that women could have done perfectly, would be just be wasted opportunity. Thus, compared to other countries in the region, Canada still fell behind. The percentage of elected women in Canada continue to fall short of Fifty percent. Besides, at present the number of women candidate is dropping as political aspirant find it difficult to go against their mail counterpart as even the early leaders were not anticipating women to be involve in politics. Arscott and Trimble identified that this difficulty was Glass Ceiling. But the reason for this decline according to them is the lack of vision and optimism about further advances in the short term. In my opinion, the view of the authors on women role is not strong enough to justify this decline although it may have contributed substantially. After all, elective officials are judge by the people based on their performances regardless of gender or ethnicity. What is necessary is visible and tangible accomplishment that positively affects the sector they are representing. Work Cited Arscott, Jane. Still Counting: Women in Politics Across Canada. Canada: Broadview Press, 2003.